Negative GM and angle of loll

Negative GM and angle of loll

The angle of loll is a term used to describe the unstable state of a ship when it is upright and has a negative metacentric height (GM) [1]. This means that any external force applied to the vessel will cause it to start heeling to either port or starboard[1][2]. As the angle of heel increases, the center of buoyancy moves out to a position vertically under the center of gravity, and the capsizing moment disappears[3]. Although a vessel at the angle of loll does display features of stable equilibrium, it is a dangerous situation, and rapid remedial action is required to prevent the vessel from capsizing[4]. The angle of loll can be determined mathematically by the values of GM, the metacentric height[5].

Citations:

[1] Angle of loll https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_loll

[2] What is meant by angle of loll And It's Corrective Actions https://www.marinesite.info/2021/04/angleoflolcorrectiveaction.html

[3] Angle of Loll - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/angle-of-loll

[4] Angle Of Loll- A Thorough Explanation https://sailorinsight.com/angle-of-loll-a-thorough-explanation/

[5] What is Angle Of Loll in Ships? https://www.marineinsight.com/naval-architecture/angle-of-loll/

By Perplexity at https://www.perplexity.ai/search/5b59235f-5bf7-48b8-9037-da8da9798b2a?s=m